Vocals – Production Techniques

The following blog post is going to cover a range of different vocal production techniques suggested by a variety of recording/mixing engineers alongside producers.

In an interview for Sound on Sound magazine, Phill Brown – a recording engineer famous for working with Jimi Hendrix and Led Zepplin – talked about the ways he likes to work with vocals. To avoid the microphone respond dramatically in accordance to varying SPLs, ‘dummy mics’ [2:25] can be set up in front of the singer, so they think they are singing into that microphone but actually an off-axis microphone is being used to capture their performance (or both). This way the singer is able to have freedom of movement and the proximity difference between the singer and the microphone means that plosives and dynamic changes aren’t going to create dramatic variances in the way the microphone is picking them up.

Another way Phil suggests dealing with vocals is having a singer who knows how to work with a microphone [2:48] – meaning knowing correct ways to utilise the voice in terms of dynamic range vs proximity to the microphone, singing off-axis, warm up techniques and just maintaining a healthy voice.

[3:07] He suggests not compressing vocals too much on the way in because you can always treat it in the post.

Darren Schneider, Recording Arts Course Director at Full Sail University. Darren explains that whilst recording vocals, it’s not uncommon to hear notes ending with ‘s’s’ and ‘t’s’ increasing in amplitude due to the microphone’s frequency response being sensitive to the higher frequencies often present whilst pronouncing those sounds [0:53]. To reduce the amplitude of these sounds, known as sibilance, a de-esser can be used [1:05] – essentially a single-band compressor that can be used within the 5-10 kHz frequency range to attenuate the presence of sibilance in vocal takes.

He also suggests using the HPF section of an EQ unit [1:49] to reduce the presence of low end frequency content that can clash with the frequency content of other musical elements within the mix.

Darren states that you can use compression as a way of reducing the dynamic range of a signal so that there is a less drastic difference between quieter and louder sections. Referring to how the parameters of a compressor can be calibrated in accordance to the way a particular sing singers, he suggests a good compression ratio to start with is 3:01, this being the amount of compression applied to a signal after it has exceeded the compressor’s threshold.

References

Full Sail University (2014) How To: Vocal Mixing Techniques — Full Sail University. [online] YouTube. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4_04tm_cxA [Accessed 16 March 2017].

Sound on Sound (2016) Phill Brown at ACM: Vocal production & how to have a lasting career. [online video] YouTube. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pBTbKALFtc [Accessed 16 March 2017].

Session #3 (15/03/17) – Sessions with Pete

During Session #3 with Pete, our main goal was to record the rest of the demo drum recordings so that all of the appropriate musicians can use them as a reference point, allowing them to understand the structure of the songs prior to the recording stage.

After having completed this, we discussed the various ways we as individuals in our respective roles within society can lead by example and build comradery between teammates to ensure the completion of various tasks throughout life. This discussion was extremely important, not only as it clarified that me and Pete were on the same page with each other with regards to working together, but also how we as people can go forward in life working with people. These skills are going to be implemented throughout the duration of this assessment as well as life, so creating a discussion between creative minds regarding this topic was extremely important and has bought us two closer together as creative individuals.

Session #2 (1/03/17)- Sessions with Pete

For our third session all the tracks structures and lyrics were complete and we went into the session with the intention of getting all of the track’s drums completed.

However, after having complete the first track’s drums it became obvious that there we a few things that needed addressing with regards to how I was going about singing. We spent a substantial amount of time talking about how I can approach singing throughout my life – the fact that I’m most likely not going to be a vocalist who wants to utilise the full extent of their octave range, for example, or want the sing particular dramatic. But, however, most singers aren’t like this. If you listen to Beck, Paul Banks (Interpol), Bob Dylan – none of these guys have particularly great singing voices. They do, however, have distinctive singing voices, which is what Pete was putting forward to me. He challenged me to become much more confident in how I sing, not being hesitant but embracing a unique sense of my voice that can be a staple of my music.

From here, we agreed that for the next time I head down to Nottingham (15/03/17) we will complete the drum demos for the rest of the tracks, which would allow us to rehearse in our own time for when it comes time to record at the beginning of April.

Session #1 (2/02/17) – Sessions with Pete

I began our first meeting by showing Pete and Thomas (next door neighbour, talented musician) my tracks so I can get a better idea of what they think about the vibe, structure, development and just overall direction the songs are going in. They were both extremely happy with them and thought they were very much in the style of BJM (Brian Jonestown Massacre), The Dandy Warhols and Death in Vegas. They preferred ‘You and I’ the most, mostly due to how developed it sound in terms of the inclusion of a variety of musical elements.

From here, we felt that I should complete the structure and lyrics for each song by the next time I head down to Nottingham, so that we can record some of his electronic drums to a set structure, allowing us to get a better idea of how each track will feel.

Pre-Session #1 – Sessions with Pete

Prior to our first meeting, I had recorded the following demos – at this stage they were rough sketches of how the songs could sound, with a loose song structure and no lyrics. What I wanted at this stage was to just get a taste of how exactly I could incorporate Pete’s talents (alongside other musicians, if required) within the frameworks of the songs. I wasn’t too sure how I wanted the vocals to flow, what the lyrical content of the songs would be, but I did know how I wanted the vibe of the songs to feel.

What I wanted to take from our first meeting was what Pete thought of the songs in terms of their instrumentation, development and vibe, as I value his opinion very much and believe whatever he would suggest would most likely benefit the outcome of the song, and also how I should approach writing lyrics, as he is an extremely talented lyricist.